Differential expression of CD163 on monocyte subsets in healthy and HIV-1 infected individuals.

Differential expression of CD163 on monocyte subsets in healthy and HIV-1 infected individuals.

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CD163, a haptoglobin-hemoglobin (Hp-Hb) scavenger receptor, expressed by monocytes and macrophages, is important in resolution of inflammation.Age-related non-AIDS co-morbidities in HIV-infected individuals, particularly dementia and cardiovascular disease, result in part from effects of HIV-1 infection on monocyte and macrophage biology.CD163 co-expression on CD14+CD16++ monocytes has been proposed as a useful biomarker for HIV-1 disease progression and the presence of HIV associated dementia.Here we investigated CD163 expression on monocyte subsets ex vivo, on cultured macrophages, and soluble in plasma, in the setting of HIV-1 infection.

Whole blood immunophenotyping revealed CD163 expression on CD14++CD16- monocytes but not on CD14+CD16++ monocytes (P = 0.004), supported by CD163 mRNA levels.Incubation with M-CSF induced CD163 protein expression on CD14+CD16++ monocytes to the same extent as CD14++CD16- monocytes.CD163 expression on CD14++CD16+ monocytes from HIV-infected subjects was significantly higher than from uninfected Garlic Presses individuals, with a trend towards increased expression on CD14++CD16- monocytes (P = 0.

019 and 0.069 respectively), which is accounted for by HIV-1 therapy including protease inhibitors.Shedding of CD163 was shown to predominantly occur from the CD14++CD16- subset after Ficoll isolation and LPS stimulation.Soluble CD163 concentration in plasma from HIV-1 infected donors was similar to HIV-1 uninfected donors.

Monocyte CD163 expression in HIV-1 infected patients showed a complicated relationship with classical measures of disease progression.Our findings clarify technical issues regarding CD163 expression on monocyte subsets and further elucidates its role in HIV-associated inflammation by demonstrating that CD163 is readily lost from CD14++CD16- monocytes and induced in pro-inflammatory CD14+CD16++ monocytes by M-CSF.Our data show that all monocyte subsets are potentially capable of differentiating into CD163-expressing anti-inflammatory macrophages given appropriate stimuli.Levels of CD163 expression on monocytes may be a potential biomarker reflecting efforts by the Crib immune system to resolve immune activation and inflammation in HIV-infected individuals.